Suprapto

Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Lampung

Jln. Z.A. Pagar Alam No.1. Rajabasa, Bandar Lampung

ABSTRACT

                   Integrated Farming System Assessment on Pepper.  The problem on pepper cultivation in Lampung is pests and diseases that caused low productivity and death plants. The major pests attack on pepper was stem borer (Lophobaris sp) caused 5 - 7% plants damage and the major disease attack on pepper was food root (Phytophthora capsici)  that caused 10-15% death plants. To control the pests and diseases Integrated Crops Management (ICM) was used despite the minor use of this technology  by the farmers. The study was conducted  from  2002-2004 at the central pepper cultivation  in  Sukamarga Village, District of Abung Tinggi, North Lampung Regency. The study used two treatments : Treatment 1: Applying ICM technology such as the use of organic and inorganic fertilizer, conservation, limited weeding, manual pest and disease control, biological control by Trichoderma spp and Beauveria spp and drainage.  Treatment 2 : Traditional technology as commonly used by farmers where there was no fertilizer, conservation, clean weeding,  and pest / disease  were uncontrolled. In every treatment involing 1000 pepper plants, and five farmers pepper as replicates. The observation on pests and diseases attack, agronomic performance, farmer’s income on treatment 1 and 2 was done and the data were analyzed with T test. The results of the study showed that  the implementation of ICM technology on pepper cultivation was able to increase growth and production as compared with traditional technology. After three years of ICM application on the pepper cultivation the study showed an increase effectiveness to control the larvae and pupa stem borer parasitoid Spathius spp and  Spathius spp from 5% to 36.6%. Other resutls included a decrease of stem borer attack on pepper plants from 23.1% to 4.2%  plants per hectare, a decrease of stem borer attack branch from  12% to 1.6% branch per 250 plants, a lower attack of deseases (0.6%), a lower death pants (1.3%).  A higher agronomic performance also shown by pepper plants since there was an increase of fruiting from 46.1 to 83.9%, while the unfruiting pepper plants can be decreased from 51.5% to 14.8%.  By MBCR application the pepper production was increase from 453 kg to 1180 kg per hectare which increasing farmers’ income from Rp.2.015.000 to Rp.7.100.000,-. This was an increae from 0.55% to 4.19% as compared with farmer’s technology in lowering parasitation parasitoid on larvae and pupa which were 2.8% - 5.8%. There was an increase of stem borer attack on plants from 23% - 12.6% plants per hectare, a rise of stem borer branch attack from 11.68 -15.2%, a rise of  deseases attack per 250 plants (3.1% - 7.0%), an increase of pepper death (5.2%), a lower agronomic performance because pepper plants fruiting decreased from 34.8% to 15.7%, pepper plants unfruiting increased from 59% to 78.5% and pepper production decreased from 113 kg to 93 kg per hectare  and farmer income decreased from  Rp.215.000,- to Rp.35.000,-  

Key words : Peper nigrum , ICM, Lophobaris spp, Phytophthora capsici, productivity, income.

ABSTRAK

Kendala dalam mengusahakan tanaman lada di Lampung antara lain hama dan penyakit yang mengakibatkan kematian tanaman. Hama penggerek batang (Lophobaris piperis) mengakibatkan kerusakan 5 - 7% dan penyakit busuk pangkal batang (Phytophthora capsici) mengakibatkan kematian lada 10 - 15%. Mengatasi kendala tersebut dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknologi budidaya secara terpadu, namun teknologi tersebut belum banyak diterapkan petani. Untuk itu dilakukan pengkajian teknologi budidaya secara terpadu agar teknologi diterapkan petani. Pengkajian dilakukan di kebun lada produksi milik petani di sentra produksi lada di desa Sukamarga, Kecamatan Abung Tinggi, Kabupaten Lampung Utara pada tahun 2002-2004. Pengkajian menggunakan dua perlakuan yaitu Perlakuan (A) : Teknologi budidaya lada secara terpadu dan Perlakuan (B): Budidaya lada cara petani sebagai pembanding. Komponen teknologi budidaya secara terpadu terdiri atas penyulaman  menggunakan sulur panjat varietas Belantung (Natar 1), pemangkasan tajar dua kali, pemupukan organik dan anorganik, konservasi kebun, penyiangan terbatas, pemangkasan sulur panjat dan sulur gantung, menutup luka pangkasan, aplikasi Trichoderma spp dan Biovaria spp., pengendalian mekanis dan drynase kebun. Cara petani terdiri atas penyulaman menggunakan varietas asalan, pemangkasan penegak 1-2 kali, tidak dipupuk, disiang bersih, tidak ada pengendalian hama/penyakit dan tidak ada drainase kebun. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap serangan penggerek batang dan penyakit BPB, keragaan agronomik dan pendapatan usahatani pada pelakuan teknologi budidaya secara terpadu dan cara petani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan implementasi teknologi budidaya lada secara terpadu mampu meningkatkan parasitasi parasitoid larva dan pupa dari 5 - 36,6%, menekan serangan penggerek batang dari 23,1 menjadi 4,2% batang/ha, serangan pada cabang lada dari 12% menjadi 1,6% cabang per 250 tanaman (10 x 25 tanaman), menekan serangan penyakit BPB sampai 0,6%, menekan kematian lada sampai 1,3%, penampilan agronomik lebih baik  tampak tanaman lada  berbuah meningkat dari 46,1% menjadi 83,9%, tanaman lada belum berbuah menurun dari 51,5% menjadi 14,8%, produksi lada meningkat dari 453 kg menjadi 1180 kg/ha dan pendapatan petani meningkat dari Rp.2.015.000 menjadi Rp.7.100.000,- dengan MBCR meningkat dari 0,55 menjadi 4,19  dibanding cara petani parasitasi parasitoid larva dan pupa  relatif rendah hanya 2,8 - 5,8%, tanaman lada terserang penggerek batang tinggi 12,6 - 22,4% tanaman/ha, cabang terserang penggerek batang tinggi antara 11,68 - 15,2% cabang/250 tanaman, tanaman terserang penyakit BPB tinggi antara 3,1 - 7,0%, tanaman lada mati tinggi (5,2%), penampilan agronomik rendah seperti tanaman lada berbuah turun dari 34,8 - 15,7%, tanaman lada belum berbuah meningkat dari 59% menjadi 78,5%, produksi lada turun dari 113 menjadi 93 kg/ha dan  pendapatan petani menurun dari Rp.215.000  menjadi Rp.35.000,- setelah  tiga tahun penerapan teknologi budidaya secara terpadu.

Kata kunci : Piper nigrum, Lophobaris spp, Phytophthora capsici, produktivitas, pendapatan.